| single |
spdep: Spatial Dependence: Weighting Schemes, Statistics
A collection of functions to create spatial weights matrix objects from
polygon 'contiguities', from point patterns by distance and tessellations,
for summarizing these objects, and for permitting their use in spatial data
analysis, including regional aggregation by minimum spanning tree; a
collection of tests for spatial 'autocorrelation', including global 'Morans
I' and 'Gearys C' proposed by 'Cliff' and 'Ord' (1973, ISBN: 0850860369)
and (1981, ISBN: 0850860814), 'Hubert/Mantel' general cross product
statistic, Empirical Bayes estimates and 'Assunção/Reis' (1999) <doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19990830)18:16%3C2147::AID-SIM179%3E3.0.CO;2-I>
Index, 'Getis/Ord' G ('Getis' and 'Ord' 1992) <doi:10.1111/j.1538-4632.1992.tb00261.x> and
multicoloured join count statistics, 'APLE' ('Li 'et al.' ) <doi:10.1111/j.1538-4632.2007.00708.x>, local 'Moran's
I', 'Gearys C' ('Anselin' 1995) <doi:10.1111/j.1538-4632.1995.tb00338.x> and
'Getis/Ord' G ('Ord' and 'Getis' 1995) <doi:10.1111/j.1538-4632.1995.tb00912.x>, 'saddlepoint'
approximations ('Tiefelsdorf' 2002) <doi:10.1111/j.1538-4632.2002.tb01084.x> and exact
tests for global and local 'Moran's I' ('Bivand et al.' 2009) <doi:10.1016/j.csda.2008.07.021> and 'LOSH' local
indicators of spatial heteroscedasticity ('Ord' and 'Getis') <doi:10.1007/s00168-011-0492-y>. The implementation of
most of these measures is described in 'Bivand' and 'Wong' (2018) <doi:10.1007/s11749-018-0599-x>, with further
extensions in 'Bivand' (2022) <doi:10.1111/gean.12319>. 'Lagrange' multiplier tests
for spatial dependence in linear models are provided ('Anselin et al'.
1996) <doi:10.1016/0166-0462(95)02111-6>, as are 'Rao' score
tests for hypothesised spatial 'Durbin' models based on linear models
('Koley' and 'Bera' 2023) <doi:10.1080/17421772.2023.2256810>. From 'spdep' and
'spatialreg' versions >= 1.2-1, the model fitting functions previously
present in this package are defunct in 'spdep' and may be found in
'spatialreg'.
|